The Alzheimer's Fact File

 

What is Dementia

Dementia is the term used to describe the symptoms of a large group of illnesses which cause a progressive decline in a person’s functioning. It’s a broad term used to describe a loss of memory, intellect, rationality, social skills and what would be considered normal emotional reactions.

 

There are many different forms of dementia and each has its own causes. The most common cause of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease, which accounts for up to 70% of all dementia cases.

 

Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive, degenerative illness that attacks the brain. As brain cells shrink or disappear abnormal material builds up as “tangles” in the centre of the brain cells, and “plaques” outside the brain cells. These disrupt messages within the brain, damaging connections between brain cells. The brain cells eventually die which means information cannot be recalled or assimilated. As Alzheimer’s disease affects each area of the brain, certain functions or abilities are lost.

 

Who gets Dementia?

Dementia can happen to anyone. Most people with dementia are older, but it’s important to remember that most older people do not get dementia. It is not a normal part of ageing. Dementia can happen to anybody, but it is more common after the age of 65 years. Although people in their 40s and 50s can also have dementia.

 

Can Dementia be inherited?

This will depend on the cause of the dementia, so it is important to have a firm medical diagnosis. If there are concerns about the risk of inheriting dementia, consult your doctor or contact Alzheimer’s Australia to speak to a counsellor. Most cases of dementia are not inherited.

 

Is it dementia?

There are a number of conditions that produce symptoms similar to dementia. By treating these conditions, the symptoms will disappear. Conditions that mimic dementia include some vitamin and hormone deficiencies, depression, medication clashes or overmedication, infections and brain tumours. It is essential that a medical diagnosis is obtained when symptoms first appear so as to ensure that a person who has a treatable condition is diagnosed and treated correctly. If the symptoms are caused by dementia, an early diagnosis will mean early access to available support, information, and medication.

 

What are the early signs of Dementia?

The early signs of dementia are very subtle, vague and may not always be immediately obvious. Common symptoms include:

·          Progressive and frequent memory loss

·          Confusion

·          Personality change

·          Apathy and withdrawal

·          Loss of ability to do everyday tasks

 

For more information, please visit www.alzheimers.asn.au